Music Industry

Monday 17th September 

L/O: to identify and analyse a target audience using demographics & psychographics

Top of the pops:

Target audience girls aged 10-16yrs.

It has female role models and lots of colours that indicated it is targeted towards females.

Identifying the audience

 
• age
• gender
• interests
• location
• sexuality
• nationality
• hobbies
• religion
• class
• income
• mass or niche
• videos/idealogy
• personality
• existing or new audience

Demographics:

age/gender

race

location

employment status

Psychographics:

personality

values

attitudes

interests

lifestyles

Demographics of Top of the Pops magazine.

gender- it is targeted towards girls

age- it is targeted towards 10-16yrs

sexual orientation- any

race- any

geographical orientation- English/USA

marital status- single

class- school

education-school

job-still at school

hi !

 

the top of the pops are more like the cowboy group.
the top of the pops are VALs based towards the innovators group.



Thursday 20th September 2018

L/O: To identify target audiences for a variety of music magazine genre and link to genre codes.










The target audience for this magazine would be men and women aged around 30-45.
















The target audience for this magazine would be aged 15-30 because teenagers that were getting into music when Justin Bieber became popular would have gotten older and its a more mature colour palette and would be targeted towards both genders.













This would be targeted towards men ages 20-40yrs.








This magazine cover would be targeted towards males aged 20-30yrs.














MOJO Magazine

Genres: Modern rock, folk, soul, country, reggae, electronic and experimental.

Circulation figures: 79,345 - 2013

Publisher:

Target audience: 20-30 years

Examples of artists featured: Bon Dylan in the 1960's, Roy Harper, Miles Davis, The Rolling Stones, Blur and Solo, Nick Cave, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Radiohead.

Price: Around £5.50 for each magazine.

Any interesting facts: Debuted in Britain in the form of a magazine in 1993.

Thursday 27th September 2018
L/O: to explore the music industry ownership, regulation and revenue.

Conglomerate: a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises e.g. television, radio.

Globalised: This is where distant countries are inter-related and connected together by trade communication and cultural experiences.

Diversify: When a certain experience achieved on multiple media platforms e.g. a company that owns  both film production and video game production departments in their company.

Regulation: This is the control by the government of media mass texts. They are rules that protect the public interest and what certain audiences can't and can't view. It's needed because media affects our lives and what we consume is determined by the media we intake.

Revenue: This is the amount of money that a company receives during a specific period including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise. It is the top line or gross income figure from which costs are subtracted to determined net income.

Circulation: This is the amount of copies that are distributed on average each day.

Whats on TV: Time Inc

Radio Times: Hubert Burda Media

TV Choice: Bauer Media

Take a Break: Bauer Media

Good Housekeeping: Hearst Communications

Cosmopolitan: Hearst Communications

BBC Gardener's World: Hubert Burda Media

1)Bauer owns over 600 magazines.
2)They publish Kerrang, Q and Mojo music magazines.
3)They have diversified MOJO by offering mojo4music.com online.
4)They own Magazine, radio, Digital and TV companies.

Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) and IMPRESS.
Bauer has joined IMPRESS.

1) Magazines receive revenue from which 4 sources?
Classified advertising, circulation, product placement and edorsment, events.
2) Not many people buy printed magazines they buy it online so there has been a decline.
£)They are diversifying

Monday 1st October 2018
L/O: To explore and define the magazines target audience.

• Award winning high quality articles
• New and old artists
• Always popular
• Every issue has a bespoke CD
• They feature classic music
• "If you're featured in mojo, you matter."
• A magazine of high brand values and integrity
• High quality journalism
• Claim to cover all genres of music
• Prefers to celebrate quality over quantity
• A crafted musical archive

Mojo audience

• Fairly small circulation of about 68,000 
• Readership of about 138,000
• Audience is more niche than those for Take a Break or Cosmopolitan that have readerships of way over 1 million.
• Demographic is 88% male
• Mean age is 42
• ABC1 profile is 49%

Niche audience: a very specific target audience, as opposed to a mass audience.

The Mojo Reader

• Passionate abd discerning
• Born in the 70's and missed out on punk but admires its confrontational spirit
• Listened to Indie music in his teenage years
• S professional with a high disposable income
• When he entered his 20's, he enjoyed listening to The Beatles, Dylan, Bowie, Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Neil Young and The Rolling Stones.
• His children are interested in music - daughter interested in pop and his son interested in bands like the Arctic Monkeys
• He believes vinyl is the most authentic way of listening to music but still values CD's.

Thursday 4th October 2018MOJO: Uses & Gratifications

L/O: To identify what audiences get out of music magazines.

Personal identity

• Music magazines often address the fandom of a special audience
• May enforce the readers sense of being a fan in a particular genre of music
• Reinforce a readers values
• Aspire aspirational role models, music stars
• Features a 'legendary' musician on the cover every month
• Values popular music takes it seriously

Social interaction

• Offer news and gossip
• Usually follow a familiar format
• Offer regular consumption as a form of ritual
• Sees the magazine as a 'friend'

Entertainment

• Offer a range of entertainment pleasures; comedy, gossip, CD's
• Other free gifts such as striking visuals and attractive stars
• Offer an escape into a utopian world of stars, celebrity of pleasure
• Escape of everyday life

Surveillance

• Sense of being in contact with the world giving information about the world of popular music
• Main function of music magazines

Thursday 11th October 2018

L/O: To analyse the cover of a magazine, linking it to the genre and audience.

• Baby boomer generation: a descriptive term for someone who was born between 1946 and 1964 (after the Second World War). They make up a substantial part of the worlds population, especially in developed nations and represents nearly 20% of the American public.
• Diversification: the notion media companies expanding and branching out into different areas of the media industry.
• Audience address: now a more common and completely acceptable convention. Students of theatre can experiment with various ways of directly addressing the audience.
• Discerning: having or showing a good judgement.
• House Style: a company's preferred manner of presentation and layout of written material.

Who are they?

• Dave Grohl - musician, singer, songwriter, born in 1969, one of the leaders in rock today.
• Nirvana - a rock band that split in 1994 because one of the band members committed suicide.
• Lou Reed - singer, songwriter and guitarist, born in 1942, in 1965 he co-founded the Velvet Underground managed by Andy Warhol.
• Ian Dury - born in 1942, an English singer-songwriter and actor who rose to fame during the late 1970's during the punk and new wave era of rock music.
• Sparks - an American pop and rock band formed in LA in 1972 by brothers Ron and Russell Mael.
• Dave Gilmour - born in 1946, and English guitarist, singer and songwriter that was a member of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd.
• Cat Stevens - born in 1948, a British singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, his 1967 debut album reached the top 10 in the UK.
• Elvis - born in 1935, made music like rock and roll, pop, country, blues and he was active from 1953-1977.

Cover Analysis

• Shot type - close up.
• Star vehicle - Dave Grohl.
• Colour palette - blue, black, white, yellow.
• Bands/artists mentioned - Nirvana, David Gilmour, Ian Dury, Cat Stevens, Sparks, Elvis, Lou Reed.
• Masthead style - MOJO
• Main coverline style - Dave Grohl, the songs that saved his life... Nirvana reading '92
• Minor coverline style - same size text and font
• Puff - the one that looks like a sticker
• USP (Freebies) - free CD
• Placement of text - centre and down the sides.

Monday 15th October 2018

L/O: to analyse the cover of a MOJO magazine, linking it to genre and audience.

• Mid-shot photo of Dave Grohl.
• Main colour palette: white, yellow, black, red & red.
• Older bands that were popular in the 70's/80's.
• Text uses a mixture of upper case and lower case letters.
• Other titles and headings use same font as main heading but smaller to make it stand out.
• Advertises a free CD called Teen Spirit.
• Placement of text is around the main image so that it is highlighted and stands out.

They used a medium shot so that they could put the text underneath his face so it's obvious who he is and so that he is the main focus on the front cover. This could make the target audience (30-50 years) want to boy the magazine because they would recognise the artist from earlier in their life when that was a popular genre of music.
The colour palette that has been chosen is made sure to stand out and make the titles obvious and the sizing of the text. Other titles have been made smaller and not as bold to make the main coverlid stand out.
The 2 images that have been chosen, one of them has the main person (Dave Grohl) in mid-shot. The other is of a crowd of people looking like they are at a concert which would have been one of his concerts. The image connotes that the concert was popular as it shows lots of people waving their hands in the air dancing to the music.
It features 8 artists including bands that were very popular in the 70's/80's.
The masthead of this MOJO magazine is "DAVE GROHL", this is because he is the main focus of the magazine as his music is being featured.
The smaller print (typography) is just as important as the masthead because it talks about other very popular and famous bands and artists and advertisements like "Free CD".

This would attract the target audience because it has famous singers/songwriters from when they would have first started listening to music and the music they would have grown up with so that would appeal to them. It also has an image on the front of one of their concerts which the target audience may be interested in or could have even been at the concert.

Thursday 18th October 2018

DIRT


A puff is like a sticker on the magazine that is there to make something stand out. For example on this magazine, there is one that shows that the magazine got 159 reviews. These could be by putting text into a shape. It is in almost every magazine and it's basic use is to promote something. Puff can also help the target audience find their personal identity. The idea that there are other fans just like them that also look up to a celebrity. These people that review the magazine could be monthly readers.


Thursday 1st November 2018

L/O: to explore the concept of representation in music magazines.

Stereotypes of teenagers: grumpy, moody, lazy, smell. backchat, always on social media, always on their phone, rude

Stereotypes of men: smell, tall, muscular, work and drive the car while women stay at home with children, self-confident, aggressive, stronger than women, don't do housework, short hair, can't show emotions.

Stereotypes of Americans: fat, lack of intelligence, rich, loud, gun crimes

Stereotypes of lesbians: they hate men, short hair, masculine

The main cover artist, Katy Perry, has been represented as very feminine on the music magazine cover, as she is wearing makeup, her hair is done, she is wearing a very girly dress and she has flowers placed on her. She also connotes that she is a strong, independent woman as she is stood by herself looking very confident. Her makeup and the flowers also make her look very innocent. Her posture in this photo is soft, connoting that she is very angelic and girly. The background is pink which is stereotypically also very feminine. She is wearing a black dress which is very dark compared to the rest of the magazine, and that makes her stand out amongst the writing and the background.


Monday 5th November 2018

Representation

L/O: to create a magazine cover showing an understanding of representation.



WWW: Editing and changing the colours

EBI: To put more text on and around the cover.


Thursday 15th November 2018

Music videos

L/O: To research chosen case studies and how they are represented.

Performance - artists are performing in the video.

Narrative - has a story line.

Concept - no story line or performance.

Illustration - what they are singing about matches what is going on in the video.

Amplification - when there is some link between the lyrics and the video, they put it into a different context.

Disjuncture - no relation between the lyrics and what is happening in the video.

Music Video Research

Case study 3.
1st Song

• Name of artist/group: Little Mix.
• Genre: Pop.
• Date song was released in the UK: 21st May 2015.
• What the song is about: The song is about empowering women to live confidently. 
• Type of music video: Amplification.
• Describe what happens in the video: In the beginning, the video introduces the 4 singers reenacting 4 teenage girls as "unpopular and weird". In the hall they see a boy they like the look of and they think he is waving at them so they wave back but the "popular, pretty school bully" barges through them to get to her boyfriend. When they are studying, they find a book with blue magic coming out of it and it transforms them to make their appearance nicer, and they get revenge on the school bully. They also help out a boy who is being picked on by another group of 4 girls. At the end they are sat in class and they change it into a party.
• Who features in the video: Little Mix and other people acting as students and a teacher.
• Normally, the group is represented as:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkElfR_NPBI

2nd Song

• Name of artist/group: The Vamps.
• Name of song: Somebody to you.
• Genre: Pop.
• Date song was released in the UK: 18th May 2014.
• What the song is about: They are singing about how they want to mean something to someone.
• Type of music video: Performance.
• Describe what happens in the video: The Vamps and a group of girls around the same age start off on the beach and playing football and performing. Then Demi Lovato is there on the beach and they perform.
• Who features in the video: The Vamps, Demi Lovato and a group of girls.
• Normally, the group is represented as:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0go2nfVXFgA

Monday 19th November 2018

L/O: To explore media terminology used to analyse exam texts.

See terminology page.

Thursday 22nd November 2018

L/O: to explore the use of Media Language in music videos.

1
Examples of music videos where media language has been used to convey meaning.

Close ups have been used to fill the frame and to show detail.

Long shots have been used to get them all in a group photo stood together and their outfits. They are being conveyed as being strong women.











This close up is used to convey the emotion on her face and that she is serious.

2
Examples of music videos where media language has been used to promote an artist in a particular way.

Monday 3rd December 2018

L/O: to explore and analyse the use of media language in chosen case studies.

The Vamps - Somebody To You.

• Artists perform to the camera and other characters in the music video.
• There is a sense of 'naturalism' created as they are all friends playing football and they all make themselves out to be having fun.
• Genre conventions in this video are that they are dancing and the colour palette is bright and colourful.
• Diegetic sound is used at the beginning when the waves are crashing and there is no music.
• There are very simple transitions used in the music video and it is in time with the song.
• The video follows a storyline that the boys are trying to impress the girls.
• The camerawork is made to look like someone is recording it handheld.
• The colour of the video is normal.
• The values that the video promotes is to have a good time whenever you can.
• The video doesn't follow conventions of film a lot because it is meant to look more like one of the friends is filming it, but they are performing to the camera.

Little Mix - Black Magic.

• This music video is a narrative so it tells more of a story rather than the artists performing.
• There is a sense of 'naturalism' as they are at school and with their friends.
• It follows a storyline.
• Diegetic sound is used at the beginning of the video when the school bell rings.
• It changes between narrative and performance scenes.
• The camera work is smooth and controlled.
• The video values friendships and empowers women.

Thursday 6th December 2018

L/O: To analyse representation in music videos.

The Vamps - Somebody To You

1. What sexuality is assumed if it covers love? In the video the sexuality is assumed as heterosexual.
2. What ideal or values does it celebrate or highlight? The music video celebrates being young and having fun with your friends.
3. How is race represented? (Or not?) All the characters are white.
4. How is gender represented? The artists in the video are male and there are girls that they are trying to 'impress'.
5. How is age represented? All of the characters are young and the point they are trying to prove is to have fun while you are young.
6. What stereotypes are used (people, places, events)? Stereotypes of boys flirting with girls are included and the girls laughing.
7. How are the artists represented? The artists are represented as young adults having fun on the beach with their friends.
8. How is the US or UK society represented? There is nothing obvious that shows where they are, although the artists are from the UK.
9. What is shown as 'attractive' in the video? The girls with the makeup and clothes they wear and the clothes the boys wear.
10. Are any messages being sent out? The message they are trying to get out is to have fun while you can are you are still young.

Little Mix - Black Magic

1. What sexuality is assumed if it covers love? The sexuality that is assumed is heterosexual.
2. What ideal or values does it celebrate or highlight? The video celebrates that if you be yourself eventually everything will be fine.
3. How is race represented (Or not?) There are different races of artists and characters in this video.
4. How is gender represented? The main gender in this video is women but there are male artists too.
5. How is age represented? The age of characters in this video is high school age.
6. What stereotypes are used (people, places, events)? There is a typical female school bully that the artists are targeted by and a 'popular, good looking' boy.
7. How are the artists represented? At the start of the video the artists are represented as 'nerds' but halfway through the video the 'potion' changes them and makes them more 'popular' and 'better looking' with their clothes and makeup.
8. How is the US or UK society represented? The setting is at a typical American high school, although the artists are from the UK.
9. What is shown as 'attractive' in the video? The boy at the start, the school bully with the clothes she is wearing and the artists when the 'potion' has changed their appearance.
10. Are any messages being sent out? The message being sent out is not to be horrible to others no matter what they look like otherwise horrible things will happen to that person; "what goes around comes around."

Thursday 13th December 2018

Exam Practice

L/O: to review representation of videos and practice exam style question.

Media Language: Similarities

• Similar primary colour and tonal palettes are used.
• The mies-en-scene is based in the setting of narrative/performance in real locations and natural light.
• Both connote a sense of naturalism.
• Clothing of both are relatable to the demographic.
• In both, artists perform to the camera with focus of soundtrack dominated by music.
• Shots are straightforward relying on stylised editing.
• Intertextuality lies on choice of locations.

Media Language: Differences

• Vamps have more exotic location and lifestyle.
• Vamps camera work far more energised and restless with its dominant use of handheld camera. 
• Little Mix camera work far more conventional classical static fixed position.
• Vamps have a far more edgy, loose feel to their video.

Representation: Similarities

• Both represent heterosexual love.
• Both represent the idea of 'fitting in' and in friend groups.
• Both celebrate being young.
• Both groups are offered as aspirational for their lifestyle.

Representation: Differences

• Vamps is stereotypical of the male gaze.
• Little Mix has female leads but the narrative is about their need to be attractive and desirable.
• Relationships are seen as a battle for attention
• Glamour and desire are clearly designed for and the awareness of men, not the girls' own interest.
• Vamps has a very narrow definition of body types of male and female.

Exam Practice

Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other.

Refer to one example of contrasting media language in two music videos you have studied to support your answer.

In case study 3 (The Vamps-Somebody To You and Little Mix-Black Magic), the videos both present media language to differ from each other, such as locations. In Somebody To You, they are at the beach partying and playing music, whereas Black Magic is located at a high school. Little Mix's video is much more relatable for people which differs from The Vamps' video.

Thursday 10th January 2019

Exam Practice

L/O: to review representation of videos and practice exam style question.

In case study 3 (The Vamps-Somebody To You and Little Mix-Black Magic), the videos both present media language to differ from each other, such as locations. In Somebody To You, they are at the beach partying and playing music, whereas Black Magic is located at a high school. Little Mix's video is much more relatable for people which differs from The Vamps' video. Their lifestyle and location is a lot more exotic than Little Mix's, as one is on the beach and partying and the other is at high school. The video for Somebody To You is very lively and is all about having fun while you're young with your friends which is completely different to Black Magic. Little Mix's video is about 'fitting in' at school and how people judge you for being 'different'. Their video is also about being nice to everyone and how much it can mean to someone. In these two videos there is a contrast between the them using media language.

L/O: To research the radio industry and BBC Radio 1.

1. How many NATIONAL radio stations do the BBC operate? What are they and how are they different in terms of content and audience? There are 10 national radio stations; Radio 1, 1x, 2, 3, 4, 4e, 5 live, 5 sports extra, 6 music, Asian network.
2. How many REGIONAL radio stations do they operate? There are 8 regional radio stations.
3. How are they funded? They are funded by annual TV license that every British house holds.
4. Who is the direct competition to PSB radio? The competition for PSB radio are commercial radio stations.
5. Name 5 different COMMERCIAL radio stations and their target audiences. Pirate FM, heart, kiss, capital, classical FM.

Monday 14th January 2019

L/O: to explore how BBC Radio 1 meets its PSB remit and meets the needs of its target audience.

Public Service Broadcasting

In the UK, the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. The communications regulator Ofcom requires that certain television and radio broadcasters fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast. All of the BBC's television and radio stations have a public service remit, including those that broadcast digitally.

The public service broadcasters are those you can get for free on TV without box or cable.

BBC Radio1 

The Radio 1 audience is clearly addressed by presenters that are close to the age of their main listeners demographic of 15-29.

Radio 2 has a demographic of 35+, the music playlist and age of presenters represents this - many ex-radio 1 presenters who were on that station when the Radio 2 audience were teenagers now present shows on Radio 2 such as Tony Blackburn and Steve Wright.

BBC Radio 4 has an average demographic of 54, and the tone of the station reflects this not only in the content, but also in public perception of being worthy and serious and the use of clear diction and formal language.

Radio 1

• Entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners.
• Target audience is 15-29 year olds.
• Should support emerging artists - especially those from the UK.
• Should provide a platform for live music.
• News, documentaries and advice campaigns should cover areas of relevance to young adults.
• Their daytime programmes should offer a mix of music.
• Their evening they should cover a broad range of music genres.
• They should support artists at the forefront of new music, assisting their growth and development.

Look at the Radio 1 website: How have they met the remit to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners, support emerging UK artists and provide a platform for live music?

They provide support for new music and emerging artists, they also play a range of music genres, their website also provides information about the latest sports. The images they use for the music videos are all very similar in which the artist is stood there performing. The colour palette is bright which attracts the target audience. The website presents entertainment because you can watch live performances, live lounge performances etc.

Convergence

Media convergence is a term that refers to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and media forms due to digitisation and computer networking.

What advantage is there for (1) the BBC (2) Vevo or (3) the audience?

The advantage for BBC is that it's being shown on an extra website.

The advantage for Vevo is that they are a big company so they will get a lot of money. Once it is there it stays so you can re-listen again and again and it's easy to use.

The advantage for the audience is that it is quick and easy to access and there is no time limit. Gives them another option.

Thursday 17th January 2019

L/O: to explore how the BBC is regulated.

Plurality is ensuring there is a diversity of viewpoints available and consumed across and within media enterprise.

Appropriate scheduling is making sure that TV shows/films are put on the TV at times where it will fir the audience
Thursday 24th January 2019

L/O: To analyse the structure of the Live Lounge & the audience appeal.

Clara Amfo

She is a radio presenter in the United Kingdom. She currently presents the mid-morning show on BBC Radio 1. She was born and raised in Kingston upon Thames, London. Her father as a microbiologist who emigrated from Ghana in the 1970's. She has a background presenting for Nickelodeon and CBBC, and interned in marketing at KISS FM and was nominated in 2012 for a Sony Radio Award as a 'rising star'. She joined BBC Radio 1Xtra as a host of the weekend breakfast show and joined the MTV chart shows. In 2015 she became the host of The Official Chart on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - and later went on to host the Live Lounge (hosted on both Radio 1 and 1Xtra). She has since presented Top of the Pops.

What are the audience appeals of the Live Lounge?
There is a wide range of artists and genres, which will attract a wider range of audiences. It is also different to other radio shows.

What can you access from there?
Weather, iPlayer, news, different BBC channels, podcasts and shows that they think may be an interest.

The website for the live lounge includes direct links to both Radio 1 and 1Xtra.

Thursday 4th March 2019